Study on Trypsin Inhibitor in Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) Trees, of Kediri, Solomon and Subang Provenances

Studi Tripsin Inhibitor Pada Pohon Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) Provenan Kediri, Solomon dan Subang

Yauvina¹ dan Ulfah Juniarti Siregar¹

¹Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB

ABSTRACT

One species frequently used for establishment of forest plantation in Indonesia is Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen), because of fast growing habit and its timber can be used for many purposes. Monoculture sengon plantation, however, greatly suffers from stem borer, known as boktor (Xystrocera festiva Pascoe, Cerambycidae, Coleoptera), which starts attacking 3-4 years old trees. The loss caused by the pest is quite large. In an effort to control the pest it is important to plant resistant trees, which can be obtained through plant breeding activities. For this purpose it is necessary to study the presence of an antagonistic substance, such as Trypsin inhibitors on every part of the tree. The purpose of this study is to determine: 1) different activity level of trypsin inhibitors from the three provenances of Kediri, Solomon, and Subang, 2) different activity level of trypsin inhibitors in the bark and stem from the three provenances, 3) different activity level of trypsin inhibitors on healthy trees compared to heavily infestated by boktor 4). Different trypsin inhibitor activity as tested using synthetic and natural enzymes from the digestive gut of boktor larvae.

The object of this research is sengon tree from provenances of Kediri, Solomon, and Subang, consisted of stem and bark, which are made into powder. Two types of tree were selected, i.e. healthy and severely attacked trees. Observation of trypsin inhibitor activity was carried out using the synthetic substrate benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilid (BAPNA), a trypsin synthetic enzyme (SIGMA 3.5 U / mg) and natural enzymes from the digestive tract of boktor larvae, size 1.5 cm. Data were analyzed in a Complete Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) with three factors, i.e. provenances, conditions of the tree, and tree tissues, using SPSS 18.0 software.

Analysis of variance showed that provenance factors did not significantly affect the activity of trypsin inhibitors. Different tissues and tree conditions, however, have highly significant influence on the activity of trypsin inhibitor when tested using synthetic enzymes. Trees with healthy condition has higher trypsin inhibitor activity than severely attacked trees. Meanwhile the bark has higher trypsin inhibitor activity than the stem.

Results of analysis of variance using natural enzymes showed that the provenance and condition of the trees had no significant effect. The results also showed that trypsin inhibitor activity, when tested using the synthetic enzyme, is greater compared to that of natural enzymes from the digestive tract of boktor larvae.

Keywords : Enzim trypsin, inhibitor

Screening of Lignoselulolitic Fungi Origin from Tropical Forest of Indonesia

Skrining Jamur Lignoselulolitik Asal

 Hutan Tropika Indonesia

Fajar Harisma¹, Cecep Kusmana¹, Irnayuli R. Sitepu²

¹Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB

²Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Hutan Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam (P3HKA)

ABSTRACT

Lignoselulose is a main component of  plant, which is selulose, hemiselulose, lignin and other extractif substance. One of biomass lignoselulose benefit is bioethanol production. Bioethanol is an alcohol compound that achieve from biomass fermentation process with microorganism assist. One of microorganism that can use for ethanol production is fungi. This research aim to studying morfology of fungi that origin from tropical forest of Indonesia, studying the most potential fungi in degradated  lignin and selulose at manure media and determine the most potential fungi in degradated selulose at Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC). This research divide in several stages, that is a first stage is prepare 40 fungi isolate at Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, second stage is selected fungi at manure media, third stage is selected fungi at CMC media as in vitro. Based from research, it result four fungi isolate  that potential to degradated selulose at manure substrate media, that is fungi isolat FORDA CC-467, FORDA CC-468, FORDA CC-469, and FORDA CC-470. From lignin analyse result 11 isolate that potential to degradated lignin and manure substrate, that is FORDA CC-474, FORDA CC-475, FORDA CC-476, FORDA CC-477, FORDA CC-478, FORDA CC-479, FORDA CC-480, FORDA CC-481, FORDA CC-482, FORDA CC-483, and FORDA CC-484. AT CMC media, 33 isolate can degradated selulose that showed with transparent zone creation. From 33 isolate result seven isolate that have distance between micelia and transparent zone, it shows that fungi isolate is the most optimal isolate in created selulase enzim.

Kata kunci: biomassa, CMC, jamur, lignoselulolitik, skrining.

Utilization of Coconut Water for Increasing the Growth of Shoot Cutting of Meranti Tembaga (Shorea leprosula Miq.)

Pemanfaatan Air Kelapa untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Meranti Tembaga (Shorea leprosula Miq.)

Edje Djamhuri

Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB

ABSTRACT

Coconut water contains gibberelin,  cytokinin and auxin which have potential to stimulate the growth of cuttings.  The objective of this research was learning the effect of application of coconut water,  IBA and NAA on the growth of shoot cuttings of meranti tembaga (Shorea leprosula).  This research was conducted in nursery of Division of  Silviculture, Department of Silviculture,  Faculty of Forestry,  Bogor Agriculture University, for 4 month.  The research used Completely Randomized Design,  comprising 4 treatment, namely control, application of coconut water, IBA of 100 ppm, and NAA of 100 ppm, with three replication, and each replication consisted of 20 shoot cuttings.  Growth parameters of shoot cuttings comprised percentage of survival, percentage of shoot growth, percentage of rooting, and dry weight of roots.  Research result showed that application of coconut water, equivalent with IBA of 100 ppm and NAA of 100 ppm could increase the growth of meranti tembaga (Shorea leprosula) shoot cutting.  Coconut water could be used to stimulate the growth of meranti tembaga shoot cutting as a substitute for IBA of 100 ppm or NAA of 100 ppm.

Key word : Coconut water, IBA, NAA, shoot cutting,Shorea leprosula.

The Growth of Red Meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq) with Selective Cutting and Line Planting of Silvicultural System at the Forest Concessionaire PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, Central Kalimantan

Pertumbuhan Meranti Merah (Shorea leprosula Miq) Dalam Sistem Silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Jalur (Studi Kasus di Areal IUPHHK-HA

PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, Kalimantan Tengah)

^1*Prijanto Pamoengkas,  ²Juniar Prayogi

¹Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB,²Alumni Departemen Silvikultur Kehutanan IPB

ABSTRACT

Contribution of forest for development of this nation can not be regarded as small, so that the forests must be managed and used optimally and well  preserved. As an effort to preserve and enhance timber production, PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma (PT. SBK) as one of the holders of Forest Concessionaire (IUPHHK-HA), have been applied Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) silvicultural system in it’s management of natural forest production since 1999. Red Meranti (Shorea leprosula) is one of the flagship species which are selected in TPTJ because it better growth than other Meranti species. However, the growth of S. leprosula in line planting  excessively unknown yet. This research aimed to know the diameter growth of S. leprosula 5 - 9 in TPTJ silvicultural system. Research conducted in Mei 2009  in PT. SBK’s areas. Data of diameter growth collected through observation of the 100 m x 100 m sampling plots (1 ha). Plot samples were taken in each age planting which are purposively selected based on the age of 5 to 9 years old of planting, where in each of the plot samples there are five lines of planting. Analysis of research data including diameter stand structure, data normality test, Mean Annual Increment (MAI), and curve of diameter growth. Diameter growth of of S. leprosula which planted in line generally spreading normally, where the most frequency of individual tree is in the diameter class that represents the mean (average) of the stand diameter, and show sigmoid shape curve of the diameter growth. The average increment (MAI) of S. leprosula were highest at the age of seven year plantation i.e to 2.31 cm / year and the lowest at the age of five year plantation i.e 1.45 cm / year. The largest diameter found at the age of nine years after planting i.e 28.5 cm (average 19.7 cm).

Key words: diameter, growth, increment, production of natural forest, TPTJ  silvicultural system, S.leprosula.

Potentials of Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas) as Green Belt based on the Rate of its Litter Decomposition

Potensi Jarak Pagar (Jathropa curcas) Sebagai Sekat Bakar

Ditinjau Dari Kecepatan Dekomposisi

¹Lailan S., ¹Nurhaeni W.,² Khairia N.

¹Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, ²Alumni Departemen Silvikultur Kehutanan IPB

ABSTRACT

Previous study found thar Jarak pagar  has potency for fuel break in forest fire control. There are some requirements for vegetation to be fuel break. One of the requirement as fuel break is decomposition race in which the higher decomposition rate may be suitable for fuel break in order to prevent surface fuel accumulation. A study was conducted to analyze decomposition rate of Jarak pagar in the field. Some sample plots were established in forest plantation area of Gunung Hambalang Bogor managed by Perhutani under agroforestry system. The study revealed that Jarak Pagar in the study area has higher decomposition rate when compared to other tree species. Therefore, Jarak Pagar meet the requirement for fuel break from decomposition rate point of view.

Key words: green belt, Jatropha curcas Linn, Swietenia macrophylla Kinf, titter’s decomposition rate

Damage Of Merawan Tree (Hopea odorata Roxb.) By Stem Borer Insect In Ipb Campus Darmaga Bogor

Kerusakan Pohon Merawan (Hopea Odorata Roxb.)

Oleh Serangga Penggerek Batang Di Kampus Ipb Darmaga Bogor

^1*Noor Farikhah Haneda, ¹Endang Ahmad Husaeni, ²Mulya Furqan

¹Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB,²Alumni Departemen Silvikultur Kehutanan IPB

ABSTRACT

H. odorata plants located in the south of Sylva Pertamina Auditorium at the Faculty of Forestry IPB Darmaga suffered a heavy attack by stem borer. The existence of these attacks resulted in defoliation of trees and one of them was death. The insect species attacking the H. odorata is not identified. In addition, the form and severity of damage is still to be studied.

This study was conducted to observe the form of damage to the stems and stands of trees H. odorata. The number of boring hole was counted, according to the height of the tree above the ground. The length of boring tunnels was also measured and the pattern was also observed.

The stem borer founded belong to the order Coleoptera, they  are Xyleborus perforans (Scolytidae), Xyleborinus perexiguus (Scolytidae), Platypus parallelus (Platypodidae), Belionota prasina (Buprestidae), Curculionidae beetle and Tenebrionidae beetle. The number of boring holes was 1932 holes with an average of 188 holes per meter of the stem. The tunnels length at a cross section ranging from 2 - 35 cm and 4 - 6 cm at longitudinal section. The number of boring hole decrease with increasing tree height. 98,6% of tunnels are founded caused by the ambrosia beetles are X. perexiguus (457 holes; 23,7%), X. perforans (1426 holes; 73,8%), P. parallelus (21 holes; 1,1%). The rest is caused by the Curculionidae beetle (25 holes; 1,3%) and Tenebrionidae beetle (3 holes; 0,1%). Tunnels on a cross section are ramification tunnels (X. perforans; P. parallelus), there is also around the stem (X. perforans), and several tunnels have black spots along its walls (X. perexiguus; X. perforans; P. parallelus).

Keywords: stem borer, Coleoptera, H. Odorata

The Potency of Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn) as a Fuel Break Based on Canopy Condition

Efektivitas Jarak Pagar (Jathropa curcas) Sebagai Sekat Bakar

 Ditinjau Dari Kondisi Tajuk

¹Lailan S., ¹Nurhaeni W.,² Yuli S.

¹Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, ²Alumni Departemen Silvikultur Kehutanan IPB

ABSTRACT

It is assumed that Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn) has potency for fuel break in forest fire control.  However, it needs to be evaluated in effectiveness of the function.  One of the requirement as fuel break is crown condition in which the plant crown need to have good performance in covering the area to prevent fire spread. A study was conducted to analyze whether Jarak pagar meets the requirement for fuel break or not.  Some sample plots were established in forest plantation area of Gunung Hambalang, Bogor managed by Perhutani.  The study resulted that Jarak pagar in the study area does not meet the requirement for fuel break of which a good performance of crown is not shown.  It seems that soil characteristics influenced the result.

Keywords: Fuel break, Jatropa curcas

PERANAN MYCORRHIZAL HELPER BACTERIA (MHBs) DIBALIK KERJA MIKORIZA SEBAGAI PUPUK HAYATI PADA TANAMAN Eucalyptus pellita

Mokhammad Rifa'i, S.Hut; Rifa' Atunnisa, S.Hut; Emma Pratiwi, S.Hut; Fiona Christina 

Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa-Penelitian (PKMP)

Silviculture Department, Bogor Agriculture University,2009

 ABSTRAK

Indonesia banyak memiliki lahan marginal yang cukup luas dengan kadar kemasaman yang tinggi sehingga kurang baik bagi tanaman. Salah satu mikroorganisme yang dapat membantu adalah mikoriza. Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) adalah fungi yang bersimbiosis dengan akar tumbuhan. Simbiosis ini mempunyai peran penting dalam pengambilan unsur hara tanah, terutama fosfat, sehingga pertumbuhan tanaman dapat diperbaiki.

Eucalyptus pellita banyak dikembangkan untuk Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) pada lahan marginal. Penggunaan FMA dapat membantu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kualitas bibit di persemaian, dan meningkatkan daya hidup di lapangan. Dalam rangka lebih meningkatkan kinerja FMA, maka eksplorasi bakteri (MHBs) yang bersimbiosis dengan spora FMA perlu dilakukan. MHBs ini selanjutnya diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas inokulum FMA.

Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap 2 faktorial, yaitu faktor mikoriza sebanyak 4 taraf dan faktor bakteri sebanyak 5 taraf. Dilakukan 5 kali ulangan pada masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis sidik ragam terhadap parameter pertumbuhan tanaman E.pellita, perlakuan mikoriza memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan sedangkan perlakuan tunggal bakteri tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan yang meliputi tinggi, diameter, biomassa, infeksi FMA terhadap akar, dan indeks mutu bibit. Perlakuan kombinasi mikoriza dan bakteri berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter tinggi dan infeksi mikoriza. Perlakuan FMA dengan BGi 4 memberikan nilai rata-rata pertambahan tinggi terbaik yaitu meningkat 83.12% dibandingkan dengan kontrol.

            Didapatkan satu isolat MHBs yaitu BGi 4 yang mampu bekerja secara simultan dengan Glomus sp. BGi 4 yang secara spesifik bekerja pada Glomus sp. meningkatkan persentase infeksi akar, tetapi menurunkan persentase infeksi akar jika digabungkan dengan Gigaspora sp.

Kata kunci : Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA), Eucalyptus pellita, Mychorrizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs), Lahan Marginal.

email:rifa_atunnisa@yahoo.co.id

Using Florida Keys Reference Sites As a Standard for Restoration of Forest Structure in Everglades Tree Islands

Michael S. Ross,1,2 Danielle E. Ogurcak,2 Jay P. Sah,1 and Pablo L. Ruiz1
1Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL  33199, USA
2Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL  33199, USA

Abstract

In south Florida, tropical hardwood forests (hammocks) occur in Everglades tree islands and as more extensive forests in coastal settings in the nearby Florida Keys. Keys hammocks have been less disturbed by humans, and many qualify as “old-growth,” while Everglades hammocks have received much heavier use. With improvement of tree island condition an important element in Everglades restoration efforts, we examined stand structure in 23 Keys hammocks and 69 Everglades tree islands. Based on Stand Density Index and tree diameter distributions, many Everglades hammocks were characterized by low stocking and under-representation in the smaller size classes. In contrast, most Keys forests had the dense canopies and open understories usually associated with old-growth hardwood hammocks. Subject to the same caveats that apply to off-site references elsewhere, structural information from mature Keys hammocks can be helpful in planning and implementing forest restoration in Everglades tree islands. In many of these islands, such restoration might involve supplementing tree stocking by planting native trees to produce more complete site utilization and a more open understory.

1. Introduction 

The best developed tree islands in the Florida Everglades play many roles in the landscape: as forest refugia for wide-ranging animals and tropical hardwoods; as raised features that focus surface water flow into deeper channels; as habitat for rare ferns, epiphytes, and other shade-loving plants; as seed sources for the establishment of new islands; as carbon sinks; as attractants and sinks for nutrients, especially phosphorus, whose deficiency characterizes the surrounding marsh ecosystems [1, 2].  Having served for centuries as oases for humans as well as animals that passed through the vast and inhospitable wetland [3], their structure today carries a long legacy of human use.  At the same time, natural disturbance agents play a continuing role in shaping stand structure.  Their disturbance regime includes infrequent wildfires, which may kill aboveground vegetation and consume organic soils, and more frequent tropical storms and hurricanes, which topple and severely prune the exposed emergent trees in the forest canopy [4].  In many cases, the complex interaction of human and natural disturbance agents has led to open, slow-to-recover canopies that encourage the encroachment of widely dispersed vines, weedy herbs, and nonnative trees and shrubs, and may interfere with tree island function in the landscape. With tree island condition an important concern of recent efforts to restore full ecological function to the Everglades, embodied in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan [5], the ability to assess stand structure and its effects on other functions of these poorly understood forests is sorely needed. 

Applying Hotspot Detection Methods in Forestry: A Case Study of Chestnut Oak Regeneration

Songlin Fei
Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky,  204 T.P. Cooper Bldg., Lexington, KY 40546-0073, USA

Abstract
Hotspot detection has been widely adopted in health sciences for disease surveillance, but rarely in natural resource disciplines. In this paper, two spatial scan statistics (SaTScan and ClusterSeer) and a nonspatial classification and regression trees method were evaluated as techniques for identifying chestnut oak (Quercus Montana) regeneration hotspots among 50 mixed-oak stands in the central Appalachian region of the eastern United States. Hotspots defined by the three methods had a moderate level of conformity and revealed similar chestnut oak regeneration site affinity. Chestnut oak regeneration hotspots were positively associated with the abundance of chestnut oak trees in the overstory and a moderate cover of heather species (Vaccinium and Gaylussacia spp.) but were negatively associated with the abundance of hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) and mountain laurel (Kalmia latiforia). In general, hotspot detection is a viable tool for assisting natural resource managers with identifying areas possessing significantly high or low tree regeneration.

1. Introduction
A hotspot can mean an unusual phenomenon, anomaly, aberration, outbreak, elevated cluster, or critical area [1].  Spatial scan statistics have been widely adopted in health sciences in detecting hotspots for disease surveillance [2], and they also have wide application in critical issues, such as homeland security, public health, and disaster management.  Identifying hotspots can provide early warning of disease outbreaks or other emerging issues.  With innovative modifications, hotspot analysis can be used in any field [1].  Yet, applications of hotspot detection methods in forestry and other natural resource related disciplines are rare.  By identifying areas with unusual high (hotspot) or low (cold-spot) measures of interested issues or events, natural resource managers can allocate limited resources to those areas that desire more attention.  In this study, oak (Quercus spp.) regeneration was used to illustrate the feasibility of applying hotspot detection methods in forestry.

Oak regeneration is one of the critical issues in forest health throughout eastern North America.  Oaks are the most prevalent forest species in the eastern deciduous forests.  However, as a common problem throughout eastern North America, natural regeneration of oaks is often difficult to obtain [3].  The reasons for the lack of oak regeneration presumably involve large-scale, exogenous, and unprecedented factors such as new disturbance regimes, fire suppression, invasion of exotic species, climate change, and/or modern wildlife and forest management practices [4].  The precise causes are unclear and likely include a complex interaction of factors.  Decline in oak can cause detrimental effects both economically and ecologically because oaks are the major timber species in the eastern U.S. and their seeds are a key part of the diet for many vertebrate species. The increasing interest in hardwood regeneration, particularly in mixed-oak stands, has underscored the importance of understanding the relationship between the abundance of tree seedling and site conditions.  Knowledge of the relationships between regeneration abundance and biotic and abiotic factors can help resource managers to maintain a healthy, diverse, and compositionally stable forest ecosystem.  Similar to health related surveillances that identify areas with abnormally high rates of disease, hotspot detection may help natural resource managers locate areas with high or low abundance of oak regeneration.  

Carbon Flux of Down Woody Materials in Forests of the North Central United States

C. W. Woodall
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA

 Abstract

Across large scales, the carbon (C) flux of down woody material (DWM) detrital pools has largely been simulated based on forest stand attributes (e.g., stand age and forest type). The annual change in forest DWM C stocks and other attributes (e.g., size and decay class changes) was assessed using a forest inventory in the north central United States to provide an empirical assessment of strategic-scale DWM C flux. Using DWM inventory data from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis program, DWM C stocks were found to be relatively static across the study region with an annual flux rate not statistically different from zero. Mean C flux rates across the study area were −0.25, −0.12, −0.01, and −0.04 (Mg/ha/yr) for standing live trees, standing dead trees, coarse woody debris, and fine woody debris, respectively. Flux rates varied in their both magnitude and status (emission/sequestration) by forest types, latitude, and DWM component size. Given the complex dynamics of DWM C flux, early implementation of inventory remeasurement, and relatively low sample size, numerous future research directions are suggested.

1. Introduction

For the purposes of this study, down woody materials (DWMs) are defined as detrital components of forest ecosystems comprising fine and coarse woody debris.  Coarse woody debris (CWD) are pieces, or portion of pieces, of down dead wood with a minimum small-end diameter of at least 7.62 cm inches at the point of intersection with a sampling transect and a length of at least 0.91 m.  CWD pieces must be detached from a bole and/or not be self-supported by a root system with a lean angle more than 45 degrees from vertical [1].  Fine woody debris (FWD) are pieces, or portion of pieces, of down woody with a diameter less than 7.62 cm inches at the point of intersection with a sampling transect excluding dead branches attached to standing trees, dead foliage, bark fragments, or cubicle rot. 

Utilization of Rhizoplane and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to Promote The Early Growth of Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla Miq. Steenis.)

Pemanfaatan Bakteri Rhizoplane dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Semai Jelutung

(Dyera polyphylla Miq. Steenis.)

Rifa’ Atunnisa (E44050982)¹, Dr. Ir. Irdika Mansur, M. For. Sc², Dr. Irnayuli R. Sitepu, SP. MCP³

Abstract Nontimber forest products (NTFPs) represent sources of income from tropical forest, but some NTFP species have decreased in population and become endangered due to overexploitation. There is increasing concern that the planting stock of Dyera polyphylla is not sufficient to sustain the yield of NFTPs. The beneficial root colonizing rhizosphere bacteria, the so-called plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been known to carry out many important ecosystem processes, such as those involved in the nutrient cycling and/or seedling establishment. The roots of most plant species associate with certain soil fungi and establish what are known as mycorrhiza. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two arbuscular miycorrhizal (AMF) fungi, Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp. and thirteen strains of rhizoplane bacteria (CK32, FL.13.2.1, JW1, JW6, JW9, JW13, JW14, CK26, CK4, JW3a, SB, NT, CR.R1), on the early growth of D. polyphylla, under greenhouse condition. Percentage of AMF colonization, plant growth, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration were measured after 150 days of planting. The results showed that the percentage of AM colonization of D. polyphylla was 100%. Colonization by Glomus sp. significanly increased plant height by 18,95% and diameter by 16,16% compared to those non AMF. Combination of bacterial and AMF inoculant between JW13 dan Glomus sp. increased shoot weight by as much as 36,28% from control and increased N concentration by 69,59% compared to those of non inoculate a seedlings. Combination of JW1 and Gigaspora sp. increased P concentration by as much as 42,05% compared to those of non inoculate seedlings. Despite the difficulty of selecting  a multifunctional microbial consortia, appropriate microbial combinations can be recommended for a biotechnological input related to improvement of plant performance.

Keywords: AM fungi, biofertilizer, Dyera polyphylla, NTFP, PGPR